Iglesia Ni Cristo (INC) is a unique Christian denomination that has gained a substantial following, particularly in the Philippines and among expatriate communities worldwide. While it shares some common beliefs with traditional Christianity, it also has distinctive doctrines and practices that set it apart. This article explores how Iglesia Ni Cristo differs from other Christian denominations in terms of beliefs, practices, and organizational structure.
Understanding Key Theological Differences
Iglesia Ni Cristo theological framework diverges significantly from mainstream Christian beliefs, leading to various distinctions in doctrine and worship.
1. Views on God and Jesus Christ
One of the most significant differences lies in the understanding of God and Jesus Christ. INC adheres to a strict monotheism, teaching that God is a singular entity. In contrast to the Trinitarian view held by many Christian denominations, which asserts that the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are three persons in one God, INC considers Jesus Christ a separate, subordinate entity—specifically, the Son of God and God’s messenger, not God Himself. This core belief shapes their worship and understanding of salvation.
2. The Concept of the True Church
Iglesia Ni Cristo claims to be the one true church established by Jesus Christ. They argue that other Christian denominations have deviated from the original teachings. This exclusivity is a central tenet, contrasting sharply with denominations that adopt a more inclusive approach to salvation and the validity of other Christian communities.
Salvation and Membership
3. Salvation Through the Church
In INC theology, salvation is believed to be achievable only through membership in the church. This doctrine emphasizes the necessity of active participation in INC life, contrasting with denominations that advocate personal faith in Christ as the sole path to salvation, often independent of church affiliation.
4. Baptism and Membership Requirements
Iglesia Ni Cristo holds specific guidelines for membership and baptism that differ significantly from those of wider Christianity. Members must be baptized by an INC Minister as adults, and only those who are baptized are allowed to partake in the Lord’s Supper. This selective approach contrasts with many denominations that practice infant baptism or allow open communion for all believers.
Worship Practices
5. Formal Worship Services
The manner and structure of worship in INC are also distinct. Worship services are highly organized and formal, with a focus on biblical preaching and collective prayer. While some Christian denominations incorporate a relaxed atmosphere and contemporary practices, INC emphasizes strict adherence to traditional worship formats, including a focus on hymn singing and sermons delivered from a doctrinal standpoint.
6. The Lord’s Supper
The Lord’s Supper in Iglesia Ni Cristo is observed infrequently and is restricted to baptized members. In contrast, many Christian denominations celebrate communion regularly, often including all believers, regardless of their church affiliation. This exclusivity reflects INC’s belief in its unique status as the true church.
Organizational Structure
7. Hierarchical Governance
Iglesia Ni Cristo has a centralized and hierarchical governance structure, led by the Executive Minister. This contrasts with many other Christian denominations that might operate with a more decentralized approach, such as congregational governance. In INC, the Central Office directs all activities, and adherence to leadership decisions is expected from members. This level of organization helps foster unity but may be viewed as authoritarian by some outsiders.
8. Family and Membership Dynamics
In INC, family involvement is often emphasized in church activities. This communal aspect stands in contrast to some denominations where individual faith is prioritized over family involvement. INC encourages its members to engage their families in church life, highlighting the interconnectedness of faith and familial bonds.
Social and Community Engagement
9. Community Service Emphasis
Iglesia Ni Cristo places a strong emphasis on community service, but the way it is executed can be distinct from other denominations. While many Christian churches engage in outreach and charity, INC’s activities are usually organized and sanctioned by the church leadership. The focus is on fostering a sense of belonging and duty to serve within the context of the church community.
10. Promotional Activities
Iglesia Ni Cristo is known for its aggressive outreach and promotional activities, including large-scale evangelistic campaigns and public worship events. This proactive approach to spreading their faith contrasts with the sometimes more subdued or niche outreach methods employed by other denominations.
Conclusion
Iglesia Ni Cristo stands out among Christian denominations through its distinctive beliefs, formal worship practices, and centralized governance. While it shares core Christian principles, its unique interpretation of theology, emphasis on the exclusive nature of the church, and structured approach to worship and community involvement shape a distinct identity. Understanding these differences provides valuable insight into the religious landscape, particularly in the contexts where INC is most prevalent. As the organization continues to grow, its unique character will undoubtedly remain a point of interest and discussion within the broader Christian community.